The American Cancer Society (ACS) states that there will be approximately 13,490 new cases of cervical cancer diagnosed in the United States by the year 2026. In addition, the American Cancer Society (ACS) predicts that there will be 4,200 deaths from cervical cancer in the U.S. in 2026.
Most cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). The HPV vaccine works effectively in preventing HPV.
According to the CDC, the vaccine was first recommended for children aged 11 and 12 years and up to 26 years; however, it could have been administered as early as age 9. Currently, the CDC recommends that the vaccine be available to all people aged 26 to 45 years who have never received the vaccine as a preteen.
What Is Cervical Cancer?
Cancer of the cervix occurs due to uncontrolled multiplication and growth of abnormal cells in the cervix. Cervical cancer comes in several forms, based on the kind of cell where the cancer developed. Another system doctors employ is the staging of the cancer, which indicates how advanced the cancer is, whether it has moved to adjacent tissues and even organs.
Common Risk Factors
Here are some of the common risk factors of cervical cancer in women:
- High-risk HPV infection
- Smoking
- A weakened immune system
- Difficulty in getting cervical screenings done
- History of abnormal cervical cell changes
The presence of a risk factor does not guarantee that one will get cervical cancer. Screening can detect any abnormalities before they become more serious.
Early Signs of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer at its early stages might not have any evident signs. The following are some of the signs that might occur if symptoms are present:
- Unusual spotting between periods
- Bleeding after having sexual intercourse
- Post-menopausal bleeding
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Pain in the pelvic area
- Painful sexual intercourse
These symptoms could also indicate other diseases as well. However, persistent or unusual changes should be checked by a healthcare professional.
HPV and Cervical Cancer
HPV infections are extremely widespread. It must be stressed that the presence of HPV infection is not indicative of having cancer. Most HPV infections clear by themselves without any treatment. The persistent presence of specific strains of HPV infection causes abnormal cervical cell development.
| HPV Fact | What It Means |
|---|---|
| HPV is common | Several individuals are exposed during their lifetime |
| Most infections clear | The immune system often removes the virus |
| Some types are high risk | Persistent infection causes cervical cell changes |
| HPV vaccination helps | It prevents new infections from targeted HPV types |
How Cervical Cancer Screening Works
Screening involves detecting HPV or cervical cell abnormalities before cancer occurs. There are three common screening methods; these are the HPV test and Pap test. It is recommended to choose one of these methods if you experience any symptoms.
| Test | Purpose |
|---|---|
| HPV Test | Checks for high-risk HPV types |
| PAP Test | Looks for abnormal cervical cell changes |
| HPV and PAP Testing | May be used together in some screening programs |
Earlier detection of cervical cancer is associated with increased treatment success. According to the ACS, the following screening is recommended as standard practice:
- Below 25 years old: The ACS does not recommend screening.
- Between 25 and 65 years old: People should get tested for HPV every five years by a doctor for cervical cancer.
- Above 65 years old: The ACS does not recommend screening if there was enough screening before, for those with a low risk of developing cervical cancer.
Women who have undergone hysterectomy with the removal of the cervix do not need screening, except those with precancerous lesions or cervical cancer before.
Ways to Prevent Cervical Cancer
Preventive measures include:
- Getting the HPV vaccine if recommended
- Going for cervical screening regularly
- Not smoking
- Engaging in safe sexual behavior
- Going for further treatment if you have an abnormal result from your cervical screening test
HPV vaccination prevents infection with HPV but cannot be used to treat an already existing infection.
Summary
Cervical cancer is usually preventable by HPV vaccinations, screenings, and treating cervical cell abnormalities. Awareness of warning signs may also make it easier to visit the doctor immediately when necessary. Visit a doctor when you have abnormal vaginal bleeding, continuous pain in the pelvic area, or unusual vaginal discharge. Consult your doctor regarding HPV vaccination and the cervical screening you should have depending on your age and health background. Follow Medipedia for more insightful information on women’s health. Learning about cervical cancer and other women’s health issues helps prevent critical health concerns. Always check with your doctor if you notice unusual symptoms.